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The Republic of Guinea-Bissau is a country in West Africa with an area of ??36,120 square kilometers, and a population of 1624,945 inhabitants, according to an official 2020 estimate.
It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east. The capital is Bissau.
A former Portuguese colony, it was called Portuguese Guinea, and when it gained its independence, the name of the capital was added to the official name of the state to avoid confusion with the Republic of Guinea.
A major issue for the country is the fact that it has become a transit hub for drugs originating in Latin America and destined for Europe.
The country borders Senegal to the north and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It also borders Guinea to the east and south. The length of its coast is 350 km.
The highest point is at 300 meters.
The country also owns about 60 coastal islands. To the west of the country is the Bizagos archipelago, off a creek. Bolama, which does not belong to Bizagos, is also an important island.
Important rivers of the country are Zebu and Korubal, which form a river bay. A mountain mass is Fouta Jalon.
The climate of the country is tropical (hot and humid). From December to May the drought season prevails and is followed by the rainy season.
The first Europeans (Portuguese) saw the country's shores in the second half of the 15th century. This region was named Portuguese Guinea and was colonized by Lusitanian merchants and individuals.
The country then became a Portuguese colony, in 1895, in 1935 it was declared Portuguese territory and in 1951 an overseas province.
The first nuggets of the struggle for independence began to appear in the 1950s, when the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde) was founded, chaired by Amilcar Cabral.
The nationalists of this party managed with the weapons to recover from the Portuguese a significant part of the country's territories. In 1973, Cabral was assassinated, and despite this, the independence of the state was unilaterally declared.
Following the Carnation Revolution in Portugal, the 1974 military regime was forced to cede independence to the Portuguese colonies.
Thus, Portuguese Guinea became independent (along with Cape Verde) on September 10, 1974, and received its current name, Guinea-Bissau.